BLACK DEATH OR REVENGE OF THE UNKNOWN
BLACK DEATH OR REVENGE OF THE UNKNOWN
Posted on August 18, 2010 by chepeyja
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BLACK DEATH
Though Nobel Laureate Albert Camus immortalized it as a metaphor of the evil that lies dormant everywhere, in the fiction, The Plague, and Robert Downey, Meg Ryan and Hugh Grant made more than a passing reference to it in the movie, Restoration, Black Death or Black Plague seems to have slipped down from people’s memory of past horrors. This pandemic of the 14th century surpassed the loss of life in a catastrophe for all time to come. It is generally thought to be caused by the bacteria Yersinia Pestis (Bubonic plague) but recent findings point to other diseases as well. It is believed to have started first in Central Asia, from where it spread to Europe around 1340. Decimating a total of about 75 million people in the contemporary world, it brought about a loss of 50 million lives (or nearly 60 percent of population) in Europe. Changing medieval demography, it is thought to have reduced world population from an estimated 450 million to 375 million in 1400.
The plague continued with its visits to Europe till the end of the 18th century but its spread and death toll varied. There were about 100 plague outbreaks during this period, among which the London plague of 1603 finished 38,000. Other killer epidemics were Italian (1629-31), Seville (1647-52), London (1665-66), Vienna (1679), Marseille (1720) and Moscow (1771). The origins of such virulent forms of the disease are debated but from the 19th century on it seemed to have been absent in Europe. The looming threat of death at all times affected the society and the Roman Catholic faith to a great extent and gave rise to intolerance of minorities like Jews, foreigners, beggars and lepers. In 1833, the term black death was first used, derived from the symptoms like blackening of skin and gangrene of limb extremities. There was also the bubonic type, in which glands swelled in armpits and other parts of the body leading to formation of buboes. The buboes filled with pus and burst open subsequently. Patients usually died within 3-5 days after the appearance of the buboes and disease spread through flies sitting on the dead. It was believed earlier that the epidemic was spread by black rats and flies, but recent research suggests that it is always present and is only lying dormant.
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